Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit for Datacom VCSELs – Including Intensity Noise

Optical interconnects (OIs) continue to require more and sophisticated driver receiver electronics as higher baud rates are pushed in datacom, mainly due the bandwidth stagnation of optoelectronic components such vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) transmitter well photodetector (PD) receiver. Another important focus is maintaining high energy efficiency for OIs. For both cases, a reliable equivalent circuit model high-speed VCSELs required link optimization. This work an extension our previously presented large-signal VCSEL model, where noise added physical processes that based on. Thus, new step taken strive developing even accurate physics-based datacom applications. Following detailed description modelling, presentation given on simulated results relative intensity (RIN) spectrum eye diagrams under 28 Gbaud on-off keying (OOK) pulse-amplitude 4 (PAM4) modulation, compared with corresponding measurement results. Good agreement found over wide range driving conditions temperatures. A 28-GHz-bandwidth applied demonstration, extended was implemented Verilog-A, simulations were performed using Cadence Spectre.